2248古诗词

　　　　shèng圣wáng王zài在shàng上　，ér而mín民bú不dòng冻jī饥zhě者　，fēi非néng能gēng耕ér而sì食zhī之　，zhī织ér而yì衣zhī之yě也　，wèi为kāi开qí其zī资cái财zhī之dào道yě也　。gù故yáo尧　、yǔ禹yǒu有jiǔ九nián年zhī之shuǐ水　，tāng汤yǒu有qī七nián年zhī之hàn旱　，ér而guó国wú亡juān捐jí瘠zhě者　，yǐ以xù畜jī积duō多ér而bèi备xiān先jù具yě也　。

　　　　jīn今hǎi海nèi内wèi为yī一　，tǔ土dì地rén人mín民zhī之zhòng众bú不bì避yǔ禹　、tāng汤　，jiā加yǐ以wú亡tiān天zāi灾shù数nián年zhī之shuǐ水hàn旱　，ér而xù畜jī积wèi未jí及zhě者　，hé何yě也　？dì地yǒu有yí遗lì利　，mín民yǒu有yú余lì力　，shēng生gǔ谷zhī之tǔ土wèi未jìn尽kěn垦　，shān山zé泽zhī之lì利wèi未jìn尽chū出yě也　，yóu游sì食zhī之mín民wèi未jìn尽guī归nóng农yě也　。mín民pín贫　，zé则jiān奸xié邪shēng生　。pín贫shēng生yú于bù不zú足　，bù不zú足shēng生yú于bù不nóng农　，bù不nóng农zé则bú不dì地zhuó著　，bú不dì地zhuó著zé则lí离xiāng乡qīng轻jiā家　，mín民rú如niǎo鸟shòu兽　。suī虽yǒu有gāo高chéng城shēn深chí池　，yán严fǎ法zhòng重xíng刑　，yóu犹bù不néng能jìn禁yě也　。fú夫hán寒zhī之yú于yì衣　，bú不dài待qīng轻nuǎn暖　；jī饥zhī之yú于sì食　，bú不dài待gān甘zhǐ旨　；jī饥hán寒zhì至shēn身　，bú不gù顾lián廉chǐ耻　。rén人qíng情yí一rì日bú不zài再sì食zé则jī饥　，zhōng终suì岁bú不zhì制yì衣zé则hán寒　。fú夫fù腹jī饥bù不dé得sì食　，fū肤hán寒bù不dé得yì衣　，suī虽cí慈mǔ母bù不néng能bǎo保qí其zǐ子　，jūn君ān安néng能yǐ以yǒu有qí其mín民zāi哉　？míng明zhǔ主zhī知qí其rán然yě也　，gù故wù务mín民yú于nóng农sāng桑　，bó薄fù赋liǎn敛　，guǎng广xù畜jī积　，yǐ以shí实cāng仓lǐn廪　，bèi备shuǐ水hàn旱　，gù故mín民kě可dé得ér而yǒu有yě也　。

　　　　mín民zhě者　，zài在shàng上suǒ所yǐ以mù牧zhī之　，qū趋lì利rú如shuǐ水zǒu走xià下　，sì四fāng方wú无zé择yě也　。fú夫zhū珠yù玉jīn金yín银　，jī饥bù不kě可sì食　，hán寒bù不kě可yì衣　，rán然ér而zhòng众guì贵zhī之zhě者　，yǐ以shàng上yòng用zhī之gù故yě也　。qí其wèi为wù物qīng轻wēi微yì易cáng藏　，zài在yú于bǎ把wò握　，kě可yǐ以zhōu周hǎi海nèi内ér而wú无jī饥hán寒zhī之huàn患　。cǐ此lìng令chén臣qīng轻bèi背qí其zhǔ主　，ér而mín民yì易qù去qǐ其xiāng乡　，dào盗zéi贼yǒu有suǒ所quàn劝　，wú亡táo逃zhě者dé得qīng轻zī资yě也　。sù粟mǐ米bù布bó帛shēng生yú于dì地　，zhǎng长yú于shí时　，jù聚yú于lì力　，fēi非kě可yí一rì日chéng成yě也　。shù数shí石zhī之zhòng重　，zhōng中rén人fú弗shèng胜　，bú不wèi为jiān奸xié邪suǒ所lì利　；yí一rì日fú弗dé得ér而jī饥hán寒zhì至　。shì是gù故míng明jūn君guì贵wǔ五gǔ谷ér而jiàn贱jīn金yù玉　。

　　　　jīn今nóng农fú夫wǔ五kǒu口zhī之jiā家　，qí其fú服yì役zhě者bú不xià下èr二rén人　，qí其néng能gēng耕zhě者bú不guò过bǎi百mǔ亩　，bǎi百mǔ亩zhī之shōu收bú不guò过bǎi百shí石　。chūn春gēng耕　，xià夏yún耘　，qiū秋huò获　，dōng冬cáng藏　，fá伐xīn薪qiáo樵　，zhì治guān官fǔ府　，jǐ给yáo徭yì役　；chūn春bú不dé得bì避fēng风chén尘　，xià夏bù不dé得bì避shǔ署rè热　，qiū秋bù不dé得bì避yīn阴yǔ雨　，dōng冬bù不dé得bì避hán寒dòng冻　，sì四shí时zhī之jiān间　，wú无rì日xiū休xī息　。yòu又sī私zì自sòng送wǎng往yíng迎lái来　，diào吊sǐ死wèn问jí疾　，yǎng养gū孤zhǎng长yòu幼zài在qí其zhōng中　。qín勤kǔ苦rú如cǐ此　，shàng尚fù复bèi被shuǐ水hàn旱zhī之zāi灾　，jí急zhèng政bào暴nüè虐　，fù赋liǎn敛bú不shí时　，zhāo朝lìng令ér而mù暮gǎi改　。dāng当jù具yǒu有zhě者bàn半jià贾ér而mài卖　，wú无zhě者qǔ取bèi倍chèng称zhī之xī息　；yú于shì是yǒu有mài卖tián田zhái宅　、yù鬻zǐ子sūn孙yǐ以cháng偿zhài债zhě者yǐ矣　。ér而shāng商jià贾dà大zhě者jī积zhù贮bèi倍xī息　，xiǎo小zhě者zuò坐liè列fàn贩mài卖　，cāo操qí其jī奇yíng赢　，rì日yóu游dū都shì市　，chéng乘shàng上zhī之jí急　，suǒ所mài卖bì必bèi倍　。gù故qí其nán男bù不gēng耕yún耘　，nǚ女bù不cán蚕zhī织　，yì衣bì必wén文cǎi采　，sì食bì必liáng粱ròu肉　；wú无nóng农fú夫zhī之kǔ苦　，yǒu有qiān阡mò陌zhī之dé得　。yīn因qí其fù富hòu厚　，jiāo交tōng通wáng王hóu侯　，lì力guò过lì吏shì势　，yǐ以lì利xiāng相qīng倾　；qiān千lǐ里yóu游áo遨　，guān冠gài盖xiāng相wàng望　，chéng乘jiān坚cè策féi肥　，lǚ履sī丝yè曳gǎo缟　。cǐ此shāng商rén人suǒ所yǐ以jiān兼bìng并nóng农rén人　，nóng农rén人suǒ所yǐ以liú流wú亡zhě者yě也　。jīn今fǎ法lǜ律jiàn贱shāng商rén人　，shāng商rén人yǐ已fù富guì贵yǐ矣　；zūn尊nóng农fú夫　，nóng农fú夫yǐ已pín贫jiàn贱yǐ矣　。gù故sú俗zhī之suǒ所guì贵　，zhǔ主zhī之suǒ所jiàn贱yě也　；lì吏zhī之suǒ所bēi卑　，fǎ法zhī之suǒ所zūn尊yě也　。shàng上xià下xiāng相fǎn反　，hào好wù恶guāi乖wǔ迕　，ér而yù欲guó国fù富fǎ法lì立　，bù不kě可dé得yě也　。

　　　　fāng方jīn今zhī之wù务　，mò莫ruò若shǐ使mín民wù务nóng农ér而yǐ已yǐ矣　。yù欲mín民wù务nóng农　，zài在yú于guì贵sù粟　；guì贵sù粟zhī之dào道　，zài在yú于shǐ使mín民yǐ以sù粟wèi为shǎng赏fá罚　。jīn今mù募tiān天xià下rù入sù粟xiàn县guān官　，dé得yǐ以bài拜jué爵　，dé得yǐ以chú除zuì罪　。rú如cǐ此　，fù富rén人yǒu有jué爵　，nóng农mín民yǒu有qián钱　，sù粟yǒu有suǒ所xiè渫　。fú夫néng能rù入sù粟yǐ以shòu受jué爵　，jiē皆yǒu有yú余zhě者yě也　。qǔ取yú于yǒu有yú余　，yǐ以gōng供shàng上yòng用　，zé则pín贫mín民zhī之fù赋kě可sǔn损　，suǒ所wèi谓sǔn损yǒu有yú余　、bǔ补bù不zú足　，lìng令chū出ér而mín民lì利zhě者yě也　。shùn顺yú于mín民xīn心　，suǒ所bǔ补zhě者sān三　：yī一yuē曰zhǔ主yòng用zú足　，èr二yuē曰mín民fù赋shǎo少　，sān三yuē曰quàn劝nóng农gōng功　。jīn今lìng令mín民yǒu有chē车qí骑mǎ马yì一pǐ匹zhě者　，fù复zú卒sān三rén人　。chē车qí骑zhě者　，tiān天xià下wǔ武bèi备yě也　，gù故wèi为fù复zú卒　。shén神nóng农zhī之jiào教yuē曰　：　“yǒu有shí石chéng城shí十rèn仞　，tāng汤chí池bǎi百bù步　，dài带jiǎ甲bǎi百wàn万　，ér而wú无sù粟　，fú弗néng能shǒu守yě也　。　”yǐ以shì是guān观zhī之　，sù粟zhě者　，wáng王zhě者dà大yòng用　，zhèng政zhī之běn本wù务　。lìng令mín民rù入sù粟shòu受jué爵　，zhì至wǔ五dà大fú夫yǐ以shàng上　，nǎi乃fù复yì一rén人ěr耳　，cǐ此qí其yǔ与qí骑mǎ马zhī之gōng功xiāng相qù去yuǎn远yǐ矣　。jué爵zhě者　，shàng上zhī之suǒ所shàn擅　，chū出yú于kǒu口ér而wú无qióng穷　；sù粟zhě者　，mín民zhī之suǒ所zhòng种　，shēng生yú于dì地ér而bù不fá乏　。fú夫dé得gāo高jué爵yě也miǎn免zuì罪　，rén人zhī之suǒ所shèn甚yù欲yě也　。shǐ使tiān天xià下rén人rù入sù粟yú于biān边　，yǐ以shòu受jué爵miǎn免zuì罪　，bú不guò过sān三suì岁　，sài塞xià下zhī之sù粟bì必duō多yǐ矣　。

　　　　bì陛xià下xìng幸shǐ使tiān天xià下rù入sù粟sài塞xià下yǐ以bài拜jué爵　，shèn甚dà大huì惠yě也　。qiè窃qiè窃kǒng恐sài塞zú卒zhī之sì食bù不zú足yòng用dà大xiè渫tiān天xià下sù粟　。biān边sì食zú足yǐ以zhī支wǔ五suì岁　，kě可lìng令rù入sù粟jùn郡xiàn县yǐ矣　；zú足zhī支yí一suì岁yǐ以shàng上　，kě可shí时shè赦　，wù勿shōu收nóng农mín民zū租　。rú如cǐ此　，dé德zé泽jiā加yú于wàn万mín民　，mín民yù俞qín勤nóng农　。shí时yǒu有jūn军yì役　，ruò若zāo遭shuǐ水hàn旱　，mín民bú不kùn困fá乏　，tiān天xià下ān安níng宁　；suì岁shú孰qiě且měi美　，zé则mín民dà大fù富lè乐yǐ矣　。

　　　　chén臣wén闻hàn汉xīng兴yǐ以lái来　，hú胡lǔ虏shuò数rù入biān边dì地　，xiǎo小rù入zé则xiǎo小lì利　，dà大rù入zé则dà大lì利　；gāo高hòu后shí时zài再rù入lǒng陇xī西　，gōng攻chéng城tú屠yì邑　，qū驱lüè略xù畜chǎn产　；qí其hòu后fù复rù入lǒng陇xī西　，shā杀lì吏zú卒　，dà大kòu寇dào盗　。qiè窃wén闻zhàn战shèng胜zhī之wēi威　，mín民qì气bǎi百bèi倍　；bài败bīng兵zhī之zú卒　，mò没shì世bú不fù复　。zì自gāo高hòu后yǐ以lái来　，lǒng陇xī西sān三kùn困yú于xiōng匈nú奴yǐ矣　，mín民qì气pò破shāng伤　，wú无yǒu有shèng胜yì意　。jīn今zī兹lǒng陇xī西zhī之lì吏　，lài赖shè社jì稷zhī之shén神líng灵　，fèng奉bì陛xià下zhī之míng明zhào诏　，hé和jí辑shì士zú卒　，dǐ砥lì砺qí其jié节　，qǐ起pò破shāng伤zhī之mín民yǐ以dāng当chéng乘shèng胜zhī之xiōng匈nú奴　，yòng用shǎo少jī击zhòng众　，shā杀yì一wáng王　、bài败qí其zhòng众ér而dà大yǒu有lì利　。fēi非lǒng陇xī西zhī之mín民yǒu有yǒng勇qiè怯　，nǎi乃jiàng将lì吏zhī之zhì制qiǎo巧zhuō拙yì异yě也　。gù故bīng兵fǎ法yuē曰　：　“yǒu有bì必shèng胜zhī之jiàng将　，wú无bì必shèng胜zhī之mín民　。　”yóu由cǐ此guān观zhī之　，ān安biān边jìng境　，lì立gōng功míng名　，zài在yú于liáng良jiàng将　，bù不kě可bù不zé择yě也　。

　　　　chén臣yòu又wén闻yòng用bīng兵　，lín临zhàn战hé合rèn刃zhī之jí急zhě者sān三　：yī一yuē曰dé得dì地xíng形　，èr二rì日zú卒fú服xí习　，sān三yuē曰qì器yòng用lì利　。bīng兵fǎ法yuē曰　：

　　　　zhàng丈wǔ五zhī之gōu沟　，jiān渐chē车zhī之shuǐ水　，shān山lín林jī积shí石　，jīng经chuān川qiū丘fù阜　，cǎo草mù木suǒ所zài在　，cǐ此bù步bīng兵zhī之dì地yě也　，chē车qí骑èr二bù不dāng当yī一　。tǔ土shān山qiū丘líng陵　，màn曼yǎn衍xiāng相zhǔ属　，píng平yuán原guǎng广yě野　，cǐ此chē车qí骑zhī之dì地　，bù步bīng兵shí十bù不dāng当yī一　。píng平líng陵xiāng相yuǎn远　，chuān川gǔ谷jū居jiān间　，yǎng仰gāo高lín临xià下　，cǐ此gōng弓nǔ弩zhī之dì地yě也　，duǎn短bīng兵bǎi百bù不dāng当yì一　。liǎng两zhèn阵xiāng相jìn近　，píng平dì地qiǎn浅cǎo草　，kě可qián前kě可hòu后　，cǐ此cháng长jǐ戟zhī之dì地yě也　，jiàn剑dùn盾sān三bù不dāng当yī一　。huán萑wěi苇zhú竹xiāo萧　，cǎo草mù木méng蒙lóng茏　，zhī支yè叶mào茂jiē接　，cǐ此máo矛tǐng铤zhī之dì地yě也　，cháng长jǐ戟èr二bù不dāng当yī一　。qū曲dào道xiāng相fú伏　，xiǎn险ài隘xiāng相bó薄　，cǐ此jiàn剑dùn盾zhī之dì地yě也　，gōng弓nǔ弩sān三bù不dāng当yī一　。shì士bù不xuǎn选liàn练　，zú卒bù不fú服xí习　，qǐ起jū居bù不jīng精　，dòng动jìng静bù不jí集　，qū趋lì利fú弗jí及　，bì避nàn难bù不bì毕　，qián前jī击hòu后xiè懈　，yǔ与jīn金gǔ鼓zhī之zhǐ指xiāng相shī失　，cǐ此bù不xí习lè勒zú卒zhī之guò过yě也　，bǎi百bù不dāng当shí十　。bīng兵bù不wán完lì利　，yǔ与kōng空shǒu手tóng同　；jiǎ甲bù不jiān坚mì密　，yǔ与tǎn袒xī裼tóng同　；nǔ弩bù不kě可yǐ以jí及yuǎn远　，yǔ与duǎn短bīng兵tóng同　；shè射bù不néng能zhòng中　，yǔ与wú无shǐ矢tóng同　；zhòng中bù不néng能rù入　，yǔ与wú无zú镞tóng同　；cǐ此jiàng将bù不xǐng省bīng兵zhī之huò祸yě也　，wǔ五bù不dāng当yī一　。gù故bīng兵fǎ法yuē曰　：qì器xiè械bú不lì利　，yǐ以qí其zú卒yǔ予dí敌yě也　；zú卒bù不kě可yòng用　，yǐ以qí其jiàng将yǔ予dí敌yě也　；jiàng将bù不zhī知bīng兵　，yǐ以qí其zhǔ主yǔ予dí敌yě也　；jūn君bù不zé择jiàng将　，yǐ以qí其guó国yǔ予dí敌yě也　。sì四zhě者　，bīng兵zhī之zhì至yào要yě也　。

　　　　chén臣yòu又wén闻xiǎo小dà大yì异xíng形　，qiáng强ruò弱yì异shì势　，xiǎn险yì易yì异bèi备　。fú夫bēi卑shēn身yǐ以shì事qiáng强　，xiǎo小guó国zhī之xíng形yě也　；hé合xiǎo小yǐ以gōng攻dà大　，dí敌guó国zhī之xíng形yě也　；yǐ以mán蛮yí夷gōng攻mán蛮yí夷　，zhòng中guó国zhī之xíng形yě也　。jīn今xiōng匈nú奴dì地xíng形jì技yì艺yǔ与zhòng中guó国yì异　。shàng上xià下shān山bǎn阪　，chū出rù入xī溪jiàn涧　，zhòng中guó国zhī之mǎ马fú弗yǔ与yě也　；xiǎn险dào道qīng倾zè仄　，qiě且chí驰qiě且shè射　，zhòng中guó国zhī之qí骑fú弗yǔ与yě也　；fēng风yǔ雨pí疲láo劳　，jī饥kě渴bú不kùn困　，zhòng中guó国zhī之rén人fú弗yǔ与yě也　，cǐ此xiōng匈nú奴zhī之cháng长jì技yě也　。ruò若fú夫píng平yuán原yì易dì地　，qīng轻chē车tū突qí骑　，zé则xiōng匈nú奴zhī之zhòng众yì易náo挠luàn乱yě也　；jìn劲nǔ弩cháng长jǐ戟shè射shū疏jí及yuǎn远　，zé则xiōng匈nú奴zhī之gōng弓fú弗néng能gé格yě也　；jiān坚jiǎ甲lì利rèn刃　，cháng长duǎn短xiāng相zá杂　，yóu游nǔ弩wǎng往lái来　，shí什wǔ伍jù俱qián前　，zé则xiōng匈nú奴zhī之bīng兵fú弗néng能dāng当yě也　；cái材guān官zōu驺fā发　，shǐ矢dào道tóng同dì的　，zé则xiōng匈nú奴zhī之gé革sì笥mù木jiàn荐fú弗néng能zhī支yě也　；xià下mǎ马dì地dòu斗　，jiàn剑jǐ戟xiāng相jiē接　，qù去jiù就xiāng相bó薄　，zé则xiōng匈nú奴zhī之zú足fú弗néng能jǐ给yě也　，cǐ此zhòng中guó国zhī之cháng长jì技yě也　。yǐ以cǐ此guān观zhī之　，xiōng匈nú奴zhī之cháng长jì技sān三　，zhòng中guó国zhī之cháng长jì技wǔ五　。bì陛xià下yòu又xīng兴shuò数shí十wàn万zhī之zhòng众　，yǐ以zhū诛shuò数wàn万zhī之xiōng匈nú奴　，zhòng众guǎ寡zhī之jì计　，yǐ以shí十jī击yì一zhī之shù术yě也　。suī虽rán然　，bīng兵　，xiōng凶qì器　；zhàn战　，wēi危shì事yě也　。yǐ以dà大wéi为xiǎo小　，yǐ以qiáng强wéi为ruò弱　，zài在fǔ俯zhī之jiān间ěr耳　。fú夫yǐ以rén人zhī之sǐ死zhēng争shèng胜　，diē跌ér而bú不zhèn振　，zé则huǐ悔zhī之wú无jí及yě也　。dì帝wáng王zhī之dào道　，chū出yú于wàn万quán全　。jīn今xiáng降hú胡yì义qú渠mán蛮yí夷zhī之zhǔ属lái来guī归yì谊zhě者　，qí其zhòng众shuò数qiān千　，yǐn饮shí食cháng长jì技yǔ与xiōng匈nú奴tóng同　，kě可cì赐zhī之jiān坚jiǎ甲xù絮yī衣　，jìn劲gōng弓lì利shǐ矢　，yì益yǐ以biān边jùn郡zhī之liáng良qí骑　。lìng令míng明jiàng将néng能zhī知qí其xí习sú俗hé和jí辑qí其xīn心zhě者　。yǐ以bì陛xià下zhī之míng明yuē约jiàng将zhī之　。jí即yǒu有xiǎn险zǔ阻　，yǐ以cǐ此dāng当zhī之　；píng平dì地tōng通dào道　，zé则yǐ以qīng轻chē车cái材guān官zhì制zhī之　。liǎng两jūn军xiāng相wéi为biǎo表lǐ里　，gè各yòng用qí其cháng长jì技　，héng横jiā加zhī之yǐ以zhòng众　，cǐ此wàn万quán全zhī之shù术yě也　。

　　　　chuán传yuē曰　：　“kuáng狂fú夫zhī之yán言　，ér而míng明zhǔ主zé择yān焉　。　”chén臣cuò错yú愚lòu陋　，mèi昧sǐ死shàng上kuáng狂yán言　，wéi唯bì陛xià下cái财zé择　。